Bruce WatsonApproximately 15% of workers are exposed to bullying in their workplace. However, few studies appear to have been conducted
in nonprofit and voluntary organizations. This scoping review explored prevalence and structural and contextual factors that
influence bullying in nonprofit and voluntary organizations. From a capture of 671 papers, 54 were assessed for eligibility and
18 full-text articles were reviewed. Bullying is prevalent in nonprofit and voluntary organizations at the same or higher levels
as other sectors, with sexual harassment appearing to be a serious problem in the context of fundraising. A synthesis of papers
found a suite of factors presented in four themes; complex and unique power relations, the exploitation of virtuosity, the exercise
of hegemonic power, and asymmetrical power and extreme dependency, which together act to stabilize the presence of bullying
in nonprofit and voluntary organizations. Such dynamics need to be disrupted for intervention to occur. Further research is
needed on how volunteers “sense-make” in the face of dissonance between organizational mission and behavior, intervention
evaluation, and regulating philanthropic donation to reduce donor dependence
